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1.
Rev. méd. Maule ; 37(2): 15-22, dic. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1427715

ABSTRACT

Alcoholic Hepatitis (HA) represent to one of the pathological entities in the context of liver damage associated with excessive and prolonged alcohol consumption. Despite its high mortality, making the early diagnosis is still a challenge for physicians. The local information of this pathology is limited, so this work consists of conducting a retrospective study on the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients diagnosed with HA at the Regional Hospital of Talca (HRT); in order to make available to the treating doctors, the greatest amount of data contributing to decision-making for the benefit of patients. Methods: The clinical records of all patients discharged from the HRT with a diagnosis of HA during the period between January 2017 and August 2022 were reviewed. Background information such as: chief complaint, main symptoms, comorbidities, laboratory tests, treatment, evolution and survival, etc., was collected for analysis and to obtain the conclusions presented. Results: A total of 16 patients were studied; 93.75 % were male and 6.24 % female; with a mean age of 52. Of the patients, 87.5 % had a history of DHC. All had alcohol abuse for more than 5 years and 93.75% had active alcoholism. The most frequent laboratory findings included hyperbilirubinaemia (93.75 %), GOT/GPT ratio >2 (50 %) and leukocytosis (56.25 %). Of the total patients studied, 68.75% had a survival of more than 1 year after the event, while 12.5% died during hospitalisation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Hepatitis, Alcoholic/diagnosis , Hepatitis, Alcoholic/blood , Comorbidity , Retrospective Studies , Reactive Oxygen Species/blood , Adrenal Cortex Hormones , Inflammation Mediators/blood , Clinical Laboratory Techniques , Hepatitis, Alcoholic/therapy , Hepatitis, Alcoholic/epidemiology
2.
Prensa méd. argent ; 106(7): 429-438, 20200000. tab
Article in English | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1366957

ABSTRACT

The article examines the influence of the Biologically Active Dietary Supplement (BADS) "Oleopren Hepa" as a hepatoprotective effect in the comprehensive treatment of acute alcoholic hepatitis. During the study, the authors obtained evidence of the effectiveness and functional orientation of the BADS. The materials for the research are the data obtained during the examination and treatment of 60 patients with acute alcoholic hepatitis. All examined patients were divided into 2 groups: 1st group (main), which received dietary supplements; the 2nd group (control) who did not receive this supplement. The average age of patients was 38.7 ± 9.3 years. The study was carried out based on the gastroenterological department of the city clinical hospital. As a result of the use of BADS in the comprehensive therapy of patients with acute alcoholic hepatitis, hepatomegaly was significantly reduced, and a decrease in the levels of total bilirubin, AsAt, AlAT, GGTP and cholesterol was observed. Additional intake of a specialized product enhanced the hepatoprotective effect of the main treatment. According to the tested biochemical parameters, the dynamics were better than in the control group. The use of the BADS, in addition to comprehensive therapy, increases the effectiveness of treatment of acute alcoholic hepatitis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Dietary Supplements , Hepatoprotector Drugs , Hepatitis, Alcoholic/therapy , Hepatomegaly/therapy
3.
Rev. méd. Minas Gerais ; 28: [1-6], jan.-dez. 2018.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-970579

ABSTRACT

A ingesta crônica de álcool causa danos tóxicos diretos e indiretos e as principais alterações são causadas pelo seu próprio metabolismo. O etanol aumenta o estresse oxidativo principalmente no fígado, reduz a relação NAD+/NADH, aumenta a produção de acetaldeído e altera a função mitocondrial. Essas alterações são frequentemente associadas com o aumento de produtos da peroxidação lipídica, essenciais ao desenvolvimento da doença hepática alcóolica (DHA). Os exercícios físicos moderados parecem não influenciar significativamente as características morfológicas do tecido hepático ou a função hepática. Em exercícios pesados e prolongados, observam-se estresse oxidativo, alterações histológicas, prejuízo da farmacocinética e níveis alterados de enzimas hepáticas. Cessado o exercício alguns dias, parece havervrecuperação da função hepática normal. As alterações hepáticas com o exercício agudo parecem ser transitórias e possivelmente contribuem para a homeostase. A atividade física parece ter alguma influência direta na patologia hepática, além da simples modificação dos níveis de gordura no fígado e parece que a intensidade da atividade física é importante para prevenir a progressão da doença. Entender os mecanismos subjacentes da doença hepática auxiliaria na descoberta de intervenções para reduzir a progressão dessa doença de uma condição benigna, como a esteatose, para formas graves como esteatohepatite, fibrose e cirrose. Portanto, exercícios podem ser uma terapia útil para melhorar a performance e a capacidade funcional em indivíduos com doença hepática, porém não está claro na literatura se o exercício físico pode restaurar a saúde hepática e nem qual seria a quantidade e o tipo de exercício necessários. (AU)


Chronic alcohol intake causes direct and indirect toxic damage and major changes are caused by their own metabolism. Ethanol increases oxidative stress primarily in the liver, reduces NAD + / NADH ratio, increases the production of acetaldehyde and alters mitochondrial function. These changes are often associated with increased lipid peroxidation products that are essentiais to the development of alcoholic liver disease (ADH). The moderate intensity exercise does not seem to significantly influence the morphological characteristics of liver tissue or liver function. In heavy and prolonged exercise, oxidative stress, histological changes, impaired pharmacokinetics and altered levels of liver enzymes are noted. Liver function seems to improve a few days after the end of exercise. Hepatic changes with acute exercise appear to be transient and possibly contribute to homeostasis. Physical activity seems to have any direct influence on the liver pathology in addition to the simple modification of the levels of fat in the liver and it seems that the intensity of physical activity is important to prevent disease progression. Understanding the mechanisms underlying hepatic disease, this could help find interventions to slow the progression of liver disease of a benign condition, such as steatosis to severe forms, such as steatohepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis. Therefore, exercise can be a useful therapy to improve the performance and functional capacity in patients with liver disease, but it is not clear in the literature that the exercise can restore liver health and even what the quantity and type of needed exercise. (AU)


Subject(s)
Ethanol , Hepatitis, Alcoholic , Ethanol/toxicity , Exercise , Hepatitis, Alcoholic/prevention & control , Hepatitis, Alcoholic/therapy , Alcoholism
4.
Gastroenterol. latinoam ; 27(1): 18-30, 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-868978

ABSTRACT

Excessive alcohol consumption is an important cause of preventable morbidity and mortality. We have to bealert to chronic alcohol usage or abuse. Simple tests (AUDIT, CAGE) can be applied quickly on outpatientcare. We highlight advances in understanding the immune and molecular mechanisms; there is disruptionof the intestinal barrier with bacterial translocation, as well as endotoxins which activate the liver’s innateimmunity, causing apoptosis, necrosis, inflammation and fibrosis. Alcoholic hepatitis is most common inpatients between 40 and 60 years of age, preferably male with jaundice, fever, ascites, hepatomegaly. Thediagnosis is confirmed with a history of alcoholic consumption, mild to moderate AST and ALT values,a AST/ALT ratio > 2, hyperbilirrubinemia and prolonged prothrombin time. There are scores to evaluatethe severity and the need of corticoid therapy, such as modified Maddrey discriminating function andMELD score. Lille score assesses the response to treatment in the seventh day. The risks and benefits ofliver biopsy should be evaluated individually. The cornerstone of treatment remains alcohol abstinence.Nutritional management must be carefully monitored. Proteins requirements are standardized based onweight. The use of corticoids with 40 mg of prednisolone each day is the most widely accepted therapy,indicated on patients with MMDF higher than 32 or MELD score higher than 21. If Lille score is higherthan 0.45 at the seven day under corticoid therapy, treatment must be interrupted. The use of pentoxifyllinewould only be effective for prevention of hepatorenal syndrome...


El consumo excesivo de alcohol es una causa importante de morbimortalidad prevenible. Debemos estaratentos en detectar a pacientes con dependencia o abuso crónico de alcohol. Test sencillos (AUDIT, CAGE)pueden aplicarse rápidamente en consulta ambulatoria. Destacamos avances en el conocimiento moleculare inmunológico, existe disrupción de la barrera intestinal con translocación bacteriana y endotoxinas conactivación del sistema inmune innato del hígado, produciendo apoptosis celular, necrosis e inflamación yfibrosis. La hepatitis alcohólica se presenta principalmente en pacientes entre 40 y 60 años, preferentementeen varones con ictericia, fiebre, ascitis, hepatomegalia. El diagnóstico se confirma con antecedentes deingesta alcohólica, GOT y GPT elevadas en forma leve o moderada, relación GOT/GPT mayor de 2, hiperbilirrubinemiay tiempo de protrombina prolongado. Existen scores para evaluar la gravedad y necesidad demanejo con corticoides como función discriminante de Maddrey modificada y MELD. El puntaje de Lilleevalúa respuesta del tratamiento al séptimo día. El riesgo/beneficio de la biopsia hepática se evalúa caso acaso. La piedra angular del tratamiento sigue siendo la abstinencia. Manejo nutricional debe ser riguroso.Requerimientos proteicos están estandarizados por peso. La terapia con corticoides (prednisolona 40 mg/día) es la más ampliamente aceptada, con indicación en pacientes con FDMm mayor a 32 o MELD mayora 21. Si el puntaje de Lille es mayor de 0,45 a los 7 días con corticoides, deben suspenderse. Pentoxifilinasólo tendría efecto en prevenir el desarrollo de síndrome hepatorrenal (SHR). Hay nuevas terapias enevaluación, como el uso de G-CSF...


Subject(s)
Humans , Alcoholism/complications , Alcoholic Beverages/adverse effects , Liver Diseases, Alcoholic/diagnosis , Liver Diseases, Alcoholic/therapy , Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic/diagnosis , Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic/therapy , Hepatitis, Alcoholic/diagnosis , Hepatitis, Alcoholic/therapy , Liver Diseases, Alcoholic/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Sex Factors
5.
J. bras. med ; 100(4): 63-70, Set.-Out. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-670542

ABSTRACT

Hepatite aguda define lesão hepática com inflamação do fígado com padrão histológico bem definido. Esses pacientes apresentam sintomas inespecíficos, como mal-estar, náuseas, vômitos e anorexia, com ou sem icterícia. Na maioria dos pacientes com elevação predominante de transaminases uma história clínica cuidadosa e um pequeno número de exames laboratoriais podem identificar a etiologia e definir tratamento específico subsequente, incluindo especialmente a investigação de hepatites virais, hepatotoxicidade induzida por drogas, hepatite autoimune e hepatite aguda alcoólica.


The acute hepatitis defines liver injury with inflammation of the liver histological pattern well defined. Such patients present with nonspecific symptoms such as malaise, nausea, vomiting, and anorexia, with or without jaundice. In most patients with the amino-transferase-predominant picture, careful history and examination and a small number of laboratory tests can identify the etiology and define subsequent management including in particular the investigation of viral hepatitis, drug-induced hepatoxicity, autoimmune hepatitis and acute alcoholic liver disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic/diagnosis , Hepatitis, Alcoholic/diagnosis , Hepatitis, Autoimmune/diagnosis , Hepatitis, Viral, Human/diagnosis , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic/therapy , Liver/pathology , Hepatitis, Alcoholic/therapy , Hepatitis, Autoimmune/therapy , Hepatitis, Viral, Human/therapy , Biomarkers , Histological Techniques , Clinical Laboratory Techniques , Transaminases/blood
6.
Mediciego ; 14(supl.1)mar. 2008.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-532334

ABSTRACT

Se realiza una revisión sobre el alcoholismo y se resumen las principales enfermedades que es capaz de originar porque constituye uno de los principales problemas de salud en el mundo, nuestro país no constituye una excepción, precedido solamente por las neoplasias y los procesos cardiovasculares. Esta enfermedad ocasiona graves trastornos al alcohólico y a su entorno familiar y social. Se tratan aspectos bioquímicos de su metabolismo, trastornos asociados al déficit nutricional, afecciones metabólicas, hepatopatía alcohólica, pancreatitis alcohólica, miopatía alcohólica, síndrome de supresión alcohólica.


It is done a review about alcoholism and are summarized the main diseases that is able to origin, because it constitutes one of main health problems around the world, our country is not an exception, only preceded for the neoplasm and cardiovascular proccesses. This disease provoques serious disorders to the alcoholic person and to his/her familiar and social environment. There are treated biochemical aspects of its metabolism, disorders which are associated to nutricional deficit, metabolic conditions, alcoholic hepatopathy, alcoholic pancreatitis, alcoholic myopathie, syndrome of alcoholic suppression.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Alcoholism , Hepatitis, Alcoholic/therapy
7.
J. bras. med ; 91(5/6): 57-61, nov.-dez. 2006.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-603849

ABSTRACT

O alcoolismo corresponde a um distúrbio altamente prevalente, que é apontado como fator etiológico e(ou) fator de risco importante de vários tipos de patologias orgânicas graves. Tais características o tornam um problema de saúde pública, incitando a necessidade de atitudes eficazes por parte dos profissionais de saúde em relação ao seu diagnóstico e à prevenção. Infelizmente, inquéritos demonstram que o Brasil está na categoria de grande consumidor de bebidas alcoólicas, traduzindo o fácil acesso ao consumo e o incentivo exaustivo por parte da mídia. Com base nessas considerações, o objetivo do presente estudo é discutir os aspectos mais relevantes dessa patologia enfatizando o diagnóstico e a abordagem terapêutica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Alcoholism , Hepatitis, Alcoholic/diagnosis , Hepatitis, Alcoholic/physiopathology , Hepatitis, Alcoholic/therapy , Adrenal Cortex Hormones , Liver Cirrhosis/diagnosis , Liver Cirrhosis/therapy , Fatty Liver/physiopathology , Glucagon , Pentoxifylline , Propylthiouracil/therapeutic use , S-Adenosylmethionine
9.
RBM rev. bras. med ; 60(11): 828-: 832-: 834-: passim-830, 832, 834, nov. 2003. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: lil-359066

ABSTRACT

A hepatite alcoólica(HÁ) é uma lesão grave, conseqüente ao consumo crônico excessivo de etanol. Na forma intensa da HÁ os índices de mortalidade são muito altos. São fatores de risco : quantidade e duração do consumo etílico, a desnutrição, sexo feminino, infecção pelo vírus C e , menos provavelmente, pelo vírus B, eventualmente o fator genético, entre outros. A patogenia é multifatorial. Os principais sintomas são: adinamia, anorexia, emagrecimento, dores abdominais vagas, náuseas, vômitos e diarréia. Nas formas intensas: sangramento de varies esôfago-gástricas, abdome volumoso, encefalopatia hepática. Ao exame físico : hepatomegalia, esplenomegalia, ascite, icterícia, entre outros sinais. AST/ALT igual ou maior que 2 é sugestivo de HÁ ou cirrose alcoólica.A confirmação da existência de HÁ deve basear-se em dados histológicos de material obtido por biópisa hepática que, entretanto não são patognômonicas, sendo necessário o diagnóstico diferencial com a esteato-hepatite não alcoólica. O tratamento não especifico compreende : hospitalização ( nas formas graves), abstenção alcoólica, repouso ( nas formas intensas), tratamento sintomático das náuseas, vômitos e dores abdominais, correção dos distúrbios hidroeletroliticos e metabólicos, correção da desnutrição protéica-calórica e das deficiências vitamínicas e de ácido fólico, cuidados relativos a infecções e hemorragias gastrointestinais, entre outras medidas. Os corticosteróides estão indicados nas formas intensas. Alguns recomendam : S-adenosil-L-metionina, pentoxifilinam, entre outros medicamentos. Não se deve, em principio, indicar transplante de fígado na HÁ Aguda ( ou seja, em fase de consumo etílico).


Subject(s)
Alcoholism , Hepatitis, Alcoholic/diagnosis , Hepatitis, Alcoholic/therapy , Alcoholic Intoxication , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
10.
Diagn. tratamento ; 5(4): 35-40, out.-dez. 2000. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-283889
11.
Rev. gastroenterol. Perú ; 18(2): 151-64, mayo-ago. 1998. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-225902

ABSTRACT

Actualmente, la relación entre consumo de alcohol y el desarrollo de daño hepático está claramente definida. Sin embargo, también debe considerarse la influencia de los factores genéticos, la existencia de enfermedades asociadas y el uso concomitante de otros agentes hepatotóxicos. Durante el etilismo crónico se producen grandes cantidades de radicales libres de oxígeno, se altera el equilibrio redox y se sobrepasa la capacidad defensiva de los antioxidantes naturales. Todos estos factores originan "stres oxidativo", que distorciona completamente la función hepatocelular. Asismismo, el incremento en la concentración intracelular de acetaldehido, modifica diversas proteinas celulares, lo que deteriora aún más la actividad hepática. Está aún por definirse la importancia de los "neoantígenos", entre componentes celulares y el acetaldehido, así como su rol en la formación de los cuerpos de Mallory. por otro lado, la complicada red de comunicaciones inter e intracelulares que comprende a las citoquinas, a las moléculas de adherencia y a los receptores de membrana son elementos indispensables a considerar en la génesis de la hepatopatía alcohólica. La endotoxina, el TNF-a, la IL-8, así como la producción de ROIs son al parecer los factores más importantes. En relación a hepatitis alcohólica, el desarrollo de una respuesta inflamatoria exagerada y mediada por neutrófilos sería el mecanismo básico de injuria hepatocelular. El diagnóstico definitivo de hepatitis alcohólica es histológico. Este permite además, graduar la severidad del daño y determinar la presencia de fibrosis y/o cirrosis en cuyo caso el pronóstico es más sombrío. Clínicamente el diagnóstico puede plantearse teniendo el antecedente de ingesta exagerada de alcohol. Existe gran variabilidad en el cuadro clínico, y no es infrecuente que algunos pacientes presenten las complicaciones de la hepatopatía crónica. Los que desarrollan insuficiencia hepática severa, presentarán leucocitosis, ictericia y fiebre. En estos casos la mortalidad puede llegar hasta 80 por ciento. La alteración de las pruebas de función hepática no guardan relación con al severidad del daño. La utilidad de los antioxidantes en cirrosis ha sido demostrada en modelos animales y en algunos estudios en voluntarios humanos. Su rol como terapia en el contexto de hepatitis alcohólica, esta por ser definida...


Subject(s)
Hepatitis, Alcoholic/diagnosis , Hepatitis, Alcoholic/therapy
12.
Acta gastroenterol. latinoam ; 25(2): 73-84, 1995. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-155332

ABSTRACT

Some recent proposals in management of alcoholic liver disease are discussed focusing on early diagnosis and treatment of alcohol abuse itself, alcoholic hepatitis early mortality, clinical meaning of nutrional therapy, serological approach and treatment of hepatic fibrosis, and problems in liver transplantation for end stage alcoholic liver cirrhosis. CAGE or similar systematized brief questionnaires, and desialylated transferrin/total transferrin ratio as serological marker, seeems to be interesting contributions to "hidden" alcohol abuse diagnosis and abstinence control while psyco-social support and voluntary incorporation to self-aid groups are the best weapons to reach persistent abstinence. Corticosteroids seems to improve survival in a selected group of patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis, specially in those presenting encefalopathy but free of Gl bleeding, decompensated diabetes, active infections, pancreatitis, and other contraindications or adverse effects of these drugs. Relationship between direct toxicity and nutritional deficiencies in pathogenesis of alcoholic liver injury are not clear enough, but malnutrition is generally present in patients requiring hospitalization, and related to clinical severity; oral, enteral or parenteral nutritional suplementation in this order of preference according to patients condition, associated or not with steroid anabolics, are useful in cases with moderate to severe alcoholic hepatitis or decompensated cirrhosis to eliminate the catabolic state, reaching a better nitrogen balance and liver function tests, without special adverse effects. A special role on liver regeneration is discussed...


Subject(s)
Humans , Liver Diseases, Alcoholic/therapy , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Anabolic Agents/therapeutic use , Antioxidants/therapeutic use , Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic/diagnosis , Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic/therapy , Liver/metabolism , Hepatitis, Alcoholic/therapy , Liver Diseases, Alcoholic/diagnosis , Nutrition Disorders/therapy , Nutritional Support , Oxidative Stress
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